I would like to urge you to never ever leave the cat alone with the dogs. This is a recipe for disaster in the making. If the cat does not react to the dog being rough with it things could turn pretty nasty. The dog's prey instinct could kick in resulting in a dead cat. The cat's pain index could kick in resulting in a badly injured dog who will most likely go after the cat if no one is there to intercept. A baby gate may hold back a big goof that is playing. It may not hold back a big dog intent on going after it's prey.
If the cats could have a separate room, even a bathroom, to be in when no one is home to watch the puppy things may eventually turn around. IE: the kitty may figure out to defend itself before the puppy gets too rough.